Dr. Jacobo Fajardo Pre-War House in Sampaloc: A Heritage Lost

•January 24, 2012 • 1 Comment

“Please inform the Congress of the United States Mr. Commissioner, that we have here not only a stable form of government, but also a healthy country inhabited by 13,000,000 happy and liberty-loving sturdy Filipinos. As a people, we may be young but we have potentialities to grow stronger and healthier to be able to take part in the concert of nations. Can we do this in an independent Philippines? With the inspiration and help of Divine Providence and with the unconditional help of our people, I say we can (Dr. Jacobo Fajardo, Philippine director of Health, in a memorandum to Resident Commissioner Osias on the problems of health and sanitation under an independent Philippines, November 19, 1931).” (Source: Camilio Osias & Mauro Baradi, The Philippine Charter of Liberty, 1933, p.102). 

Dr. Jacobo Fajardo (Courtesy of Fajardo-Jacinto Geneology website http://fajardo-jacinto.blogspot.com/).

Dr. Jacobo Fajardo, with his 1931 “….we can” to Philippine independence from the Americans, predates Obama’s famous “Yes, We Can!” election campaign slogan in 2008 by almost 77 years. Dr. Fajardo who? Today, except probably for the residents or commuters that ply the long stretch of J. Fajardo Street in Sampaloc, Manila, nobody really knows the doctor. The National Historical Institute, called Dr. J. Fajardo a “…distinguished physician and surgeon” who served as Director of the Bureau of Health during the American colonial period (http://www.nhi.gov.ph/downloads/sm0016.pdf). In the Fajardo-Jacinto family geneology website, Dr. Fajardo’s achievement as a pioneering public health official was highlighted. Dr. Fajardo graduated with a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Santo Tomas in 1906 and became the second Filipino appointed to head the Bureau of Health in 1924. At around 1931, Dr. Fajardo became responsible for about 522 medical staff and 2,483 non-medical staff of the said Bureau of Health (see Hearings before the Commitee on Territories and Insular Affairs, U.S. Senate, 1932, p. 522). However, on Jan 9, 1937, then President Manuel L. Quezon accepted the resignation of Dr. Fajardo as Director for the Bureau of Health. In his statement, President Quezon mentioned that Dr. Fajardo resigned even before an investigation into his conduct has been initiated and that allegations or “…charges against him affecting his honesty were not proved….” (Philippine Magazine, Feb 1937, p.60).In recognition of his achievements, the former “Calle Lealtad” in Sampaloc was renamed to J. Fajardo Street (see Daluyan: A historical Dictionary of the Streets of Manila, NHI, 2006. p.43)

Very, very soon, the last physical and historical vestiges of Dr. Jacobo Fajardo will disappear along the streets of Sampaloc and only the street sign that bears his name will remain (and even that could be replaced by another political act). The unfortunate demolition of the pre-war residence of Dr. Jacobo Fajardo started two weeks ago and at the speed of work (why is it so faster to demolish?) will probably be completed within the next two weeks as well. The residential house and property of Dr. Jacobo Fajardo near the start of J. Fajardo Street, Sampaloc, Manila, has been up for sale for many years and apparently has been sold.  We don’t know what structure will resurrect from the ashes of the Dr. Jacobo Fajardo residence (another apartment building?). With the loss of this pre-war architectural structure, the only other pre-war historical structure that stands along J.Fajardo street is the Legarda Elementary School. Within the boundaries of Balic-balic, Sampaloc, the other pre-war residential houses are those of the Legardas, Lopezes, and Sorianos.

Image: Location Map of J. Fajardo Residence, nearly Legarda Elementary School and Ang Gubat Legarda Estate.

Image Left: J. Fajardo House Stairway Going to 2nd flr; Image Right, Only main posts of 2nd floor can be seen.

Senator-Judge Impeachment Colors

•January 20, 2012 • Leave a Comment

No Colors To See,                                                                                                                                                                                                                              For Justice is Blind.

Image: Digitally retouched image of original photo from Inquirer archives article “Defense decries Drilon Rescue” (http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/131139/defense-panel-decries-drilon-%E2%80%98rescue%E2%80%99).

The Game of Imperial Thrones in the Philippines: http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2011/12/18/imperial-presidency-vs-imperial-judiciary-vs-imperial-legislature-vs-imperial-media/

 

A Doctor and Gen. Luna’s Order To Massacre Americans, Feb. 7, 1899: Philippine Archival Index

•January 17, 2012 • Leave a Comment

“Brethren, the country is in danger and we must rise to save it. Europe sees that we are feeble, but we will demonstrate that we know how to do what should be done, shedding our blood for the salvation of our outraged country. Death to the tyrant! War without quarter to the false Americans  who wish to enslave us! Independence or death! ” A. Luna. Malolos, Feb 7, 1899. 

Did General Antonio Luna, with his “Death to the tyrant!” cry really ordered the Filipino troops in Manila to massacre all Americans and foreigners a few days after the Feb 4, 1899 outbreak of the Philippine American war?  While the massacre never materialized, the American authorities conducted an investigation to determine the authenticity of Gen. Luna’s order. Finally, the American provost marshall acknowledged that  Manuel Xerez y Burgos, a medical doctor assigned to the Bilibid prison, provided a copy of the Gen. Luna’s orders. Dr. Xerez y Burgos, although working for the Americans in his assignment as doctor in the Bilibid prison, was also a member of the Filipino revolutionary government. The doctor wrote a letter around July 1901 where he narrated how he acquired an original copy of Gen. Luna’s order and have given said original to the Americans. On June 30, 1901, the Americans showed the order to General Aguinaldo and he acknowledged that the signature was that of Gen. Luna. (Dean C. Worcester, Philippines, Past and Present, 1914, p. 759-761).

Around December, 1901, Dr. Manuel Xerez Burgos was appointed clerk in the bureau of statistics (Report of the Philippine Commission, Vol X, Part 2, 1903, p.900). Later on, Dr. Xerez-Burgos also became a member of the local school board of the city of Manila (Report of the Philippine Commission, Vol X, Part 1, 1903, p 148).

Image: Dr. Manuel Xerez y Burgos, Philippine Commission. Source: University of Michigan.

In the National Archives of the Philippines, the name of Dr. Manuel Xerez y Burgos appears in various documents found at the Spanish section documents under the bundle “Medicos Titulares.” As an example, this last installment (part 6) of Rose Marie E. Mendoza’s “Partial Index of Memorias Medicas and Medicos Titulares” contains documents of Dr. Manuel Xerez y Burgos, medico titulares for Sampaloc, Manila, against Tiburcio de Borja.  What other documents about Dr. Xerez-Burgos can be found in the archives?

Note: This last installment contains 17 bundles with 265 entries.

SDS 166652 (18) 18 items on medicos titulares. Includes a good number of items related to “vacunador.” A rare mention of another woman doctor, Dra. Josefa Arnedo, who died of cholera and whose husband, Basilio Mercado, will receive a monthly pension of $20 (item 13).

SDS 16632 (17). 17 items on medicos titulares. Includes a number of appointment papers, reimbursements for travel expenses of doctor and family.

SDS 16670 (4). Four items on medicos titulares. Mostly related to cases about unauthorized or illegal selling of medicines.

SDS 16671 (16). 16 items on medicos titulares. Includes the provision of $1000 annual compensation for the newly created post of Professor of Medicine at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Institute of Vaccination, 1897 (item 4).

SDS 16669 (20). 20 items on medicos titulares. Processings against medico titulares of Basilan, Francisco Perez y Suero, for violations and abuses (item 3). Payment of $600 to Ramon Lopez, medicos titulares of Bataan, for help in solving cholera (item 7).

SDS 16673 (12).  12 items of medicos titulares. Contains a good number of documents related to the case of Emilio Fernandez, e.g, instructions on an inquest to investigate claims of services rendered by Emilio F. Fernandez, Tayabas, 1884 (item 9) and then case of falsification of records filed against same doctor (item 11) and recovery of honorarium paid (item 10).

SDS 16625 (14). 14 items of medicos titulares. Another item on our doctor from Tayabas, Emilio Fernandez (item 9) and other investigations and cases (item 10, 12,) including one of Dr. Manuel Xeres, medico titulares of Sampaloc, against Tiburcio de Borja, 1 (item 14).  List of medicos munipales for Manila, 1885 (item 13) and list of names of medicos titulares and their merits and services (item 4).

SDS 16672 (1). one item only. related to various medical titles or degrees.

SDS 16675 (9). Contains 9 items on medicos titulares. Includes medical services for prisoners in Cebu (item 1, 2). Another batch of foreigners applying for license to practice medicine in the Philippines (German, Mr. Charles Koeniger, 1880, item 4; Benedicto Maria Poyet, French, 1876, item 7; Leopoldo Engelhard, “Anglo-Americano”, 1868, item 7; Jose O’Conor, 1877, English, item 7).

SDS 16676 (19). Contains 19 items mostly on deportations. Interestingly, includes a report on expenses incurred as a result of espionage activities in Hongkong, 1898 (item 6). One wonders who they were spying on.

SDS 16620 (16). Contains 16 items includes a thick file on recommendations of awardees for the “cruz de primera clase de Ma. Cristina…” (item 16). Another case against Pablo Nada for abuse (item 19).

SDS 16658 (32). Contains 32 items. Includes recognition of a Christian Chinese, Julian Escudero y Choco, for services rendered during cholera epidemic of 1888-1889 in Zamboanga (item 1). In addition, another “cruz de epidemias” awarded to Juan Juille y Casadevan for services rendered duing 1888-1889 cholera in Yloilo (item 11). Various reports on public health conditions or statistics, e.g., Cavite, 1891 (item 28), Corregidor, Sta. Cruz (Laguna), Romblon, Dapitan (item 7). Some interesting medical cases as well, e.g., report of the death of four girls from Bengued, Abra due to “elefantiasis” (item 18). Also, $10,000 of funds released to address an “epidemia variolosa y la peste bubonica, 1894 (item 21). Finally, another case filed by the cura parocco against the medico municipal of Manila (item 16).

SDS 16661 (17). Contains 17 items mainly requests for reimbursements of expenses.

SDS 16663 (15). Contains 15 items. Includes recommendation for the award of “cruz de epidemias” for Ramon Lopez y Flores, medico titulares of Batangas, 1882 (item 5) and for Rafael Monserrat, medico titulares of Ilocos Sur, 1884 (item 13).

SDS 16665 (16 items). Contains 15 items. Again, mostly on reimbursements of expenses.

SDS 16659 (15). Contains 15 items. Mostly on assignments, transfers.

SDS 16668 (24). Contains 24 items. Includes item regarding D. Manuel Xerez y Burgos (items 4).

Download Part 6 (final installment): MEMORIAS MEDICAS 6

Part 1. http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2012/01/12/doctors-public-health-in-spanish-colonial-philippines-an-archival-index/

Part 2. http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2012/01/12/whos-who-of-medical-doctors-in-spanish-colonial-philippines-archival-index-part-2/

Part 3 http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2012/01/13/foreign-medical-doctors-in-spanish-colonial-philippines-archival-index-part-3/

Part 4 http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2012/01/14/cholera-doctors-in-spanish-colonial-philippines-archival-index-part-4/

Part 5 http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2012/01/15/a-story-of-young-doctor-from-madrid-spanish-colonial-philippines-archival-index-5/

 
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